Geography- Development

GNI stands for Gross National Income, therefore it basically finds the average of all the income the List the shortcomings of GNI per capita as an indicator of development. If a country has a GNI, that doesn't mean that everyone in that country is rich or living a good life. Because GNI is an average, there will always be people below the average and way above it too. Therefore GNI cannot tell us whether there are poor people or even if there is equality in the country, there might be more poor people than rich people but the money the rich people are making is very superior that it makes the average pretty high.Explain the concepts of underlying PPP. PPP stands for Purchasing Power Parity and it is defined by a number of units of a ountrys currency needed to buy the same amounts of goods and services in a country as $1JS1 would buy in the United States. PPP examines a wide range of goods and services, including food, transport, clothing and housing. It provides a measure of what peo ple can actually afford regardless of the local value and exchange rate of their currency.Explain why the three variables used to calculate the PQLI were chosen. The three variables: literacy, life expectancy and infant mortality were used to calculate the PQLI because they are three indicators of quality of life that were thought to be particularly important. Literacy rates are linked to the level of education the population is receiving, life expectancy is linked to how well the health of the population is and how advanced the doctors are and infant mortality shows how advanced the healthcare is.How does the HDI differ from the PQLI? HDI (Human Development Index) uses three measures to generate index and two of the three measures are the same: literacy and life expectancy. However, rather than using infant mortality, the HDI uses GDP per capita on a PPP basis. This was done to balance the social measures of development with an economics measure, as control f personal resources and wealth was seen as an important aspect of people's quality of life. 5. What is your preferred indicator of development?My preferred indicator of development is Literacy rate because that tell us whether the population is educated or not, if it is then most of then could get a decent Job, therefore they can have a decent life with resources at their reach. Some people could have really good Jobs because they were given the chance to learn and get an education. When there is a high literacy rate in a country, one can tell that the healthcare will be advanced because the education is good. Therefore there will be low death rates and high life expectancy. 2/11/2013 Why people who live in rural area susceptible to food insecurity: they depend on agriculture for food, they have limited alternative sources of income or employment (for example: floods and droughts) and they are vulnerable to crisis, prone to natural diseases, depend on farming, The key issues regarding Child and Female hun ger: one child is dying every 5 seconds of hunger, child hunger is inherited, they lose their curiosity, motivation and even the will to play, many leave school prematurely, stops physical and mental growth.Women are the primary food producers but they are more affected by hunger and poverty than men, 7 out of 10 of the world's hungry are women and girls, their hunger is the reason why we have a low birth-weight child. 2. Read: the origin of disparities, living conditions and land ownership p. 33 Poverty remains in the world despite economic growth in many regions, the world is more unequal than it was a decade ago. NICs (Newly Industrialising Countries) such as South Korea and Taiwan have a quite high level of GNP per capita.

Impact of jet on vanes Essay

The impact of jet experiment is to demonstrate and verify the integral momentum equation.[1]. In lay man terms, it’s another way to understand fluid pressure by using the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a plate by a high velocity in a jet which in result will generate force due to impulse. The graph will show forces against momentum with different design plates. This experiment helps us to understand about fluid pressure also gives us a better understanding about fluid related machines. These Terms have the same force and effect as an Agreement signed in writing. If you do not agree to these Terms, you may not use the Service. Each time you access, upload, or download any content from the Service, you signify your agreement to the then-current terms. This Agreement is subject to change at any time; therefore, you are responsible to review these Terms regularly to learn about any changes. We will post an updated version of these Terms if we modify them. You understand and a gree that your ongoing use of the Service after we post or provide notice of the changes to this Agreement means that you accept and confirm that the updated Terms apply to you. The laws of the State of California govern this Agreement. You agree to resolve any dispute with us as provided in the Dispute Resolution Procedures described in Sections 21 and 22 below, which include arbitration and the options you have with arbitration. We use the term â€Å"You† to mean the person or entity who will access or use the Service as an end user. The term â€Å"Login† means the combination of unique username and password that is used to access our Service. A login is a license to use a site, application or service for a period of time that is specified. â€Å"Membership† or â€Å"Members† means a single registration and/or subscription account per user of a valid username and password (login) for the service during the term of a subscription. â€Å"We† or â⠂¬Å"us† in this Agreement shall mean: its brands, affiliates, subsidiaries and operating divisions.

Black Theology and Sexual Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Black Theology and Sexual Theology - Essay Example These secret meetings did not only give birth to rebellion against slavery, but also created room for new black gospel songs; the Negro Spirituals in search of freedom. Social movements that fed black theology growth However, while still practicing Christianity, blacks faced discrimination from the whites in the church, which led to the emergence of independent black churches and movements fight against discrimination and separation in the church (Hopkins 28). Blacks formed a separatist movement that rejected prejudice of the white religionists, which led to formation of churches that segregation and prejudice in the house of God as evil and insulting. These movements gave blacks strength to directly confront their white owners. Black leaders who preached liberation compared keeping slaves in slavery by their masters as wrong as those people who bought Africans as slaves from the African coast, and encouraged the same resistance to fight for liberty arguing that liberty is God-given. The high-spirited fight for liberty and religion in American history flowed and grew leading to formation of more movements in the 1950s and 1960s. Key civil rights movements came into existence to give a hand in issues of justice, hope, liberation, suffering and love that churches preached. They used the church property to congregate as they lured people to support them at conferences organized by the church. The social movements had one agenda as the black theology of fighting for liberty from their oppressors. Methodology Methodology in theology is the process that helps achieve goals of the theology. It determines the relation between God, Humans, and the world (Hopkins 41). Black theology used colonialism, as a method of determining how it contributed to the oppression of... The author concludes that the study of black theology brings a clear indication of the power of the cross that King relates to blacks fight for freedom in America. Although death on the lynching tree acted as punishment to those rebelling against white rule, Jesus’ death on the cross acted as liberation from oppression, giving hope and love to those who have faith in Him. The relationship between Christian’s bearing the cross and social justice work contributes a lot to African American’s fight for freedom. Black Christians felt the redemptive power of the cross, and pleaded Jesus to keep them near the cross in a song. Understanding theology and religion by the blacks helped them understand the power of the cross in redemption, and applied redemptive power in the fight for their freedom. Understanding sexual theology has proved difficult among theologians given the differences among them. Many churches do not consider sexuality in their teachings, and thus fail t o understand the power of sexuality in human life. Different theologies like Althaus-Reid’s indecent and queer theologies aim at fighting heterosexism and other related theologies existing in some Christian churches. Theologians who aimed at liberating people from oppression risked their lives, but nowadays churches do not even consider the price these theologians paid. Thus, the role of uncovering sexuality issues in churches needs a strong contribution of the church faithful in order to end racial, sexual, gender and cultural discrimination in the society.

The overcoat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The overcoat - Essay Example In reply to their witty statements, Akaky calmly retorts, â€Å"Leave me alone! Why do you insult me?† (Gogol, 2006, p. 5). Akaky maintains a very intimate relationship with his work as a civil servant. He keeps immersed in work all the time. He remains so busy in copying all the time, that everything else is non-existent for him in his life. He lives an empty life and cares only for work. He does not even take care of his personal hygiene. Prior to obtaining the overcoat, Akaky maintains an introverted image. He is essentially a person with no hope for materialistic success or socialization. Soon after he obtains the overcoat, his colleagues take notice of that and make compliments on the overcoat. This raises the self esteem of Akaky manifolds and changes his social life drastically. The overcoat lends Akaky a new identity that he can proudly carry in the social circle. This improves his relationship with peers and he becomes optimistic about his career and future. Therefore , buying a new overcoat turned out to be an extremely fateful decision for Akaky. Upon having his overcoat lost, Akaky approach a Very Important Person upon the advice of a fellow clerk that works in his department. In the story, The Most Important Person represents the people in power. Accordingly, his attitude is the portrayal of the way a common man is treated by those in power in the society.

Health and safety breaches,overtime and unpaid working hours on Apple Essay

Health and safety breaches,overtime and unpaid working hours on Apple factories in China - Essay Example In doing this, the company’s management has come under sharp criticisms following its poor management of its overseas companies thus facing widespread public protest in china. Such are clear pointers to the contemporary issues affecting managements and some of the ethical issues that they deal with in the process of managing their corporations. The management is the top decision making organ in an organization. In doing this, managers perform a number of roles key among which are controlling and planning. These involve the effective identification of resource and devising the most cost effective means of utilizing the resources to enhance profitability thus lengthening the longevity of the organization. The management at Apple has tried doing this by carrying out effective market research through which they identified china as the source of the cheapest yet high quality labor. They thus decided to set the operations of the company in the country while outsourcing for the marke t for the company’s products. Apple has an international presence implying that it accesses the international market. To achieve this, the company produces products for all the segments in the market. This results in the production of some low quality therefore cheap products for sale in the low class market while producing some high quality and expensive market for the rich and the wealthy class in the mobile telephony market. This requires effective diversity with a constant rate of production coupled with adequate marketing for the company’s product. ... This requires effective diversity with a constant rate of production coupled with adequate marketing for the company’s product. The company therefore resolves to maximize profitability by expanding the market for its products through intense marketing while limiting production costs by preferring to produce its product in the cheap Chinese market. The aggressive approach to both marketing and production present a number of ethical issues to the company’s management. Ethics refer to the personal intuitions guiding the ability to act rightly and justly. There is no clear cut definitions of ethics and ethical behavior, the two rely on the individual’s ability to choose between right and wrong both of which are abstract in this context. Different professions have a stringent code of conduct which govern the conduct of its members making them behave rightly while both on the organization's premises. The management in different organizations also sets up a strict code compelling ethical conduct of employees. In such cases, the management defines ethics and ethical behavior of the employees and has elaborate corrective measures to counter the lack of compliance to the set rules. In enforcing ethical behavior in the employees of an origination, it is imperative that the management itself acts ethically by making ethical decisions especially those concerning either the employees or the customers. The decision to import labor is one of the key contemporary issues in management in the modern society. The United States of America, which is the motherland for Apple, is a developed economy with the most competitive labor market. This makes the labor costs in the market quite high and thereby not affordable for many

Travel guidebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Travel guidebook - Essay Example The cafà © is widely touted as an area attraction for anyone visiting and there is evidence in the area of significant care and upkeep, such as in the cleanliness of the street and the good condition of the building next door. The purple paint used to decorate the small shop next to the cafà © begins to highlight the flavor of the subculture of this area as well. At the same time, though, there is also evidence of the negative elements suggested in Fisher’s descriptive. Immediately noticing the purple paint of the small shop, it is then noticed that this shop is a pawn shop and from here, it cannot help but be noticed that some of the upper windows in the cafà © are boarded up rather than repaired. Bixton’s strange combination of run-down and maintained, popular and depressed and strong multicultural mix in sights sounds and smells is compelling and requires experiencing to truly appreciate in its complexity. According to Panikos Panayi, the area of London known as Harnegey in the northern section has been a strong magnet for people of Asian descent as well as numerous other minority groups. Like the Italian cafà © found in Bixton, this Chinese community center is found in a building that is much more reminiscent of London’s British past. There are none of the traditional Chinese embellishments provided to help adorn this building, such as the necessary upturned roof awnings that are important to Chinese beliefs regarding luck and the spirits. The only exterior indication of space as a center of cultural identity is found in the Chinese characters written horizontally, rather than the traditional vertical, across the front face of the building. However, some of these elements seem to be evident in the building reflected from across the street. This is particularly true in the yellow structure. The brilliant shade of this

Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Open topic - Essay Example Democracies can either be direct or representation. In direct democracy, the public is allowed to directly participate in their government. In representative democracies, citizens are always allowed to elect representatives who will represent them in the decision making processes. Despite being popular, democracy cannot be referred to as the best form of governance. This paper aims at proving that democracy has greatly failed as a form of governance. Democracy can be said to be faulty in the sense that it is a form of governance that it is always determined by what the majority wants and not what is good for the country. The question here is what will happen in a situation where the majority is wrong. This will mean that whatever will eventually take place will not be the best thing for the country at large. The majority can always be wrong as a result of misinformation or being fed with completely wrong information by influential figures for their own selfish gain. This will definit ely lead to a governance error that might haunt the country for decades affecting even generations that were not part of the faulty decision making (Diamond and Plattner 184). Democracy can also be said to be a highly expensive form of governance. There are a lot of resources that always go to literal waste during democratic processes. A country always spends a lot of money just trying to make sure that democratic elections are always free, fair, and accurate. Despite all these efforts, there are always complaints about elections not being free and fair. This would raise the question of whether democracy is really governance by the people as is commonly referred to. Other resources also go to waste in the form of resources used during election campaigns. These resources are usually used for the purpose of influencing the choices of the public during political elections. The resource used during the political campaign would rather be used for other activities that are much more profi table and productive. In comparison to a monarchy form of governance, democracy would be definitely unreasonable expensive. Democratic processes can also be said to be faulted by baseless preferences of leaders. Democratic elections involve a battle for supremacy of races, ethnic groups, religions and many other forms of grouping. People will always vote for certain candidates on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, and not their capability to be good leaders. This leads to situations where the ethnic, racial, or religious groups with the highest number of citizens always carry the day. The obvious result of such an election is a government that lacks diligence and expertise. As much as one group might pride of being successful during the elections, the consequences of having incompetent leaders will be faced by the whole country( Adler and Weismann 221). Democracy can lead to the imbalanced development in a country. Since the leaders are always elected by the majority, the y will always strive to those who voted for them at the expense of those who did not vote for them. For instance, if a leader was highly voted for in a certain region of the country and rejected in others, they will always tend to favor those who voted for them when it comes to developmental projects. This is mainly due to human nature, which makes it almost impossible for a person to respond to bad deeds with good ones. In the same manner, it will be

To practice following the law of least intervention and develop the Essay

To practice following the law of least intervention and develop the habit of nipping potential misbehavior in the bud - Essay Example entails the introduction of an aversive stimulus, which more often than not inflicts physical or psychological harm on the victim, with the sole intention of deterring undesired behaviors. In light of this, it is possible for teachers to deter their students from engaging in disruptive behaviors. As outlined in the Module 4’s text, a hierarchy of intervention strategies exists for teachers to use to deter unwanted behaviors (COMP 4.22). Almost two years ago, I happened to be interning at an elementary school in the district, when I came across the most bizarre disruptive behavior from a student. Approximately ten minutes into the lesson, this young boy would start tapping his pencil on the desk rapidly. As time elapsed, the tapping got louder, which caused students seating near him to lose their concentration. At first, I wrote this behavior off because I simply assumed that it was the student’s way of internalizing taught concepts. It was only when students started complaining about the behavior, that I decided to intervene. Immediately the boy began tapping his pencil ten minutes into the lesson, I first ignored him for a minute. However, as the tapping got louder, I made eye contact with the student, and soon increased the physical proximity between the student and I. This did not seem to deter this bizarre behavior, and I could tell that the student was unaware of my intention. Therefore, I decided to touch his hand gently, an action, which forced him to spontaneously stop the behavior. Excited that I had achieved what I had set out to do, I walked away from the student. By the time I got to the front of the classroom, the tapping commenced. This prompted me to engage the student directly whereby, I deliberately asked him a question hoping that the destruction would pull his attention from the undesirable behavior, and in turn help me assess whether he had grasped the course content. He answered correctly, which made me aware that his behavior was

Hopes and Dreams of the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hopes and Dreams of the United States - Essay Example I desired to pursue further studies and I hope that education be given the first priority by every family in America without any concern about the finances and avoid home schooling. The lifestyle of those employed and unemployed is no different but some people believe that immigrants lessens their opportunity to get a job, I hope that this misconception be cleared as it only depends upon the qualification of the person. Since age’s race has played a major role in America differentiating Blacks and Whites, even today there is certain differentiation seen in the society we live. There are certain incidents to portray the discrimination like airlines security check or crime investigation where blacks would be the first to be targeted rather than whites, I hope to see that the discrimination is totally vanished and all are provided with equal rights. Health care concerns have been going on for a long time majority affecting the poor and middle class families but until today there isnt any proper solution to the problem, I hope that proper health care needs are provide to every person. The concerns about mortgage has increased as banks started to issue loans to people with poor credit history leading to overall depression, I wish the situation stabilizes making it easy to buy a house of my dreams. My hopes and dreams for United States of America lies in attaining happiness, peace, health, educati on, family, wealth, jobs and never the less love put together in harmony which might differ from every other person who possess different aspirations and

Contact Zones Essay Example for Free

Contact Zones Essay Parodies are pieces of writing or presentations that deliberately copy and make fun of other writings or subjects. Although parodies may offend or make others uncomfortable, they have a peculiar way of benefitting learners by forcing them outside of their natural realms, allowing them to be analytical, and curious of their surroundings. Mary Louise Pratt describes this as creating a contact zone where parody, critique, and unseemly comparisons create social disruptions in which students are challenged. In her essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone,† she proposes that classrooms should take up this style of educating. What would a contact zone in a classroom perform like? Out of all the elements that are capable of creating a contact zone, parody is one of the more familiar choices that would behave well in a classroom. Say for instance an English classroom is designed to be a parody of the students for a week. The professor decided that maybe the students are not performing as well as he had hoped. They haven’t been coming to class, they do not always bring their drafts and their efforts on their papers are lacking. He wants to challenge them by informing his students about all the stereotypes aimed at young students. He brings up statistics about texting in class, the percentage of homework actually turned in on time, the hours a night spent studying, partying, or drinking, test scores and more. He mocks them when he walks in the classroom, wearing baggy clothes and a sideways hat. He asks them to repeat their questions claiming he wasn’t listening because he was texting on his phone. What kind of reaction would the students have to this kind of behavior? As a student in this classroom, a person might be confused, angry even at the assumptions made about his or her generation. Everyone is different. The professor can’t make a generalization about everyone in the class based on a stereotype. It is not fair. But what the professor is really doing is allowing the students to question themselves. â€Å"The very nature of the course put ideas and identities on the line,† (496) Pratt says about a course similar to this. The students, seeing themselves in another person’s  perspective, may begin to question how they define themselves. Likewise, they will begin to analyze how their newly questioned selves affect their judgments on other elements of their lives, such as people they know or opinions they had prior. This is important because it gives them room to make change if they are dissatisfied with their findings. Although the classroom might have acted as a community, the separation between the students and the teacher by this newly established contact zone may start to break it apart. The students begin to form a safe house. â€Å"We use the term to refer to social and intellectual spaces where groups can constitute themselves as horizontal, homogeneous, sovereign communities with high degrees of trust, shared understandings, temporary protection from legacies of oppression† (497). In other words, a safe house is a group of people with like fears or concerns who find comfort in each other’s understandings of the conflicts within the contact zone. The parody the professor is making of his students would be discomforting and flamboyant; enough so that they would confide in each other for a reasonable explanation. Although each student is different, every person has room for personal growth and achievement; therefore â€Å"despite whatever conflicts or systematic social differences might be at play, it is assumed that all participants are engaged in the same game and that the game is the same for all players† (494). Pratt states that for the most part this is true, although there are a few exceptions. In this case however, we are assuming that the â€Å"game† is improvement individually, not to a set classroom standard. The professor expects each student to out-perform his stereotype, whatever it may be, and become more studious overall. In a way, safe houses have the potential to transform into alliances, where those communities could come together to attempt to defeat something bigger than their individual parts. For example, the students, embarrassed by what society has believed thus far of young scholars, may form an alliance and agree that the only way to change this viewpoint is if they all consent in working towards eradicating this label on the young people. They will learn to work hard to achieve success and think past what critiques may bound them to. Now there exists a choice the students can make: do they want to live up to the judgments made of them, becoming self-fulfilling prophecies, or do they want to prove their professor wrong? Most students would choose to challenge the professor’s exaggerated opinion. Therefore, unknowingly the students would react the way the professor determined they would. They start coming to class on time, engage in discussions and turn in their homework. They mute their phones and actually pay attention. All they are trying to prove is that the professor’s belief of them is false. Not every young student is neglectful of his work and not every young student would rather be somewhere else. Pratt’s idea of incorporating contact zones in classrooms in this case worked out well. The students became aware of whom they were perceived as and who they wanted to be. This challenge could work for any classroom. It is not unique to English classes alone. If a person is capable of feeling shame, embarrassment and guilt, the contact zone method could be very successful.

The Transcendental Movement: History and Concepts

The Transcendental Movement: History and Concepts The Transcendental Movement centered on thriving to discover the age-old philosophical question: What exactly is the true meaning of life? In order to find an answer, Transcendentalists focused on five main beliefs. They were individualism, nature, anti-materialism, intuition, and the quest to find the truth of existence (Gura). Notably, the Movement lured in famous names such as authors Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, and women right’s activist Margret Fuller. Due to the rather extreme liberal views and the controversy that arose from their particular ideology, Transcendentalism barely made a splash in the 1830 society (Blanch). However, as history has played out, the principles of the philosophical movement have clearly had an impact in American revolutions. As much as the movement is often incorrectly labeled as being against Christian belief systems, Transcendentalism roots reach back to Christianity through the already liberal Unitarian denomination. In approximately 1835, young men training to become Unitarian ministers rebelled against their spiritual elders. They found the belief in Christ’s miracles to be outlandish, claiming that his moral teachings were more than enough to make him a prophet (Gura). The men also rejected the blanket theory that human knowledge directly comes from senses; rather, they argued that spiritual principles that come from within one’s self consequently lead to a better comprehension of the world. Due to these first principles, the main ideas of Transcendentalism’s â€Å"intuition† and â€Å"conscience† were quickly embraced. Founders claimed that through these ideas, one can move beyond- or â€Å"transcend†- past the dull experiences of the lower domain, and on to spiritual bliss. This euphoric state was only made possible through, as named by Ralph Emerson, the Oversoul, which is virtually defined as being a universal force in which every soul partakes. Through this Oversoul, one exceeds individual consciousness (Goodman). At the core, Transcendentalists thoroughly believed in equality, for there was no distinct line between the saved and the damned. It was truly up to the individual whether or not to take advantage of the Oversoul that takes them into the spiritual world. Because of the main theme of equality, the philosophy seemed perfectly fitted for a nation that claimed to be founded upon equivalence (Gura). However, as history has proven, the United States has, by no means, been the perfect picture of social fairness. Obviously, the transcendental theory conflicted with the antebellum efforts of social reform. The new philosophy deemed that if all, regardless of race and gender, were created equal, then they should be treated as such. From the start, the movement’s ideals have played a strong role in American social progression. Phillip F. Gura states, â€Å"For some, such reform activities were the natural outgrowth of Transcendentalist thought, and they made social reform virtually the entire focus of their Transcendentalism.† Transcendentalism deeply influenced the women right’s development (Reuben). This philosophy was one of the first to make the fight for gender equality seem somewhat acceptable. It had a strong impact on activist Margret Fuller, who is one of the most famous feminists in recorded history. She first broke down the occupational inequality barriers when she became the editor at the Transcendental Club newspaper titled, The Dial. Later on, she wrote Women of the Ninetieth Century, which, due to its political radicalness, became the most known feminist book of its era, and drew mass attention to the cause (â€Å"Margret Fuller†). Two decades before the civil war, this movement was already battling the fight against slavery. These philosophers wrote letters, articles, and provided lectures in hopes of achieving the abolition of enslavement. Their acts were controversial and received little attention, but their attempts quickly rallied the concept that perhaps slavery was indeed wrong. Their ideology fanned the flames of the fire that would eventually lead to the Civil War (Hampson). These outspoken men and women would use the transcendental idea of individuality and equality to justify their beliefs. The Transcendental movement did not only effect gender and racial equality. It was also an innovator for many upcoming changes throughout generations within the United States society. For instance, Bronson Alcott began the Temple School- the first school designed for young children in order to teach their inborn divinity and encouraged early self-discovery (Gura). Due to these radical teachings, parents of the students forced Alcott to shut down the educational program. However, his teaching assistant, Elizabeth Peabody, another famous feminist, went on to develop the first kindergarten movement within the United States (Blanch). Other Transcendentalists moved on to more of a political standpoint, and became what, today, we call socialists (Goodman). Former Unitarian pastor George Ripely left the pulpit and started the Institute of Agriculture and Education. Through his educational experiments that involved living in communal existence, he tried to dissolve the definitive lines that lay between workers and intellectuals. He started dividing the community’s profits into the socialist principles, also making the community members rotate through different jobs. When hearing of this experiment, Alcott decided to institute a new experiment of his own. He and other transcendentalists decided to become vegetarian, and to give up materialistic aspects (Gura). This chain ultimately affected Henry David Thoreau, a transcendental writer. Thoreau moved into a small cabin located near Walden Pond by himself for two years. He lived purely on the bare necessities one needs in order to survive. In this time frame, Thoreau wrote the novel Walden, in which he spoke of his lifestyle, transcendentalism, and the importance of searching spirituality through nature without the burdens of materialistic aspects (Blanch). Lynn Branch describes Thoreau’s impact by saying: Thoreau was also a forerunner of the environmental movement and his book, Walden, about mans fundamental connection to nature, raised a new consciousness about natures role in our spiritual and social lives. He championed the idea of public parks and nature reserves as important links to spirituality and lamented the destruction of the forests as the destruction of our earthly paradise when he declared, â€Å"Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.† Ultimately, over the years, Walden has sold hundreds of thousands of copies. The writings became an extremely popular book, informing audiences of the philosophy of transcendentalism. Thoreau’s novel deeply impacted such times like the Great Depression Era, when learning to live simplistically proved to be essential, and the 1960’s, which, of course, was the decade of individuality (Blanch). Transcendentalists were, for a lack of a better word, the first form of â€Å"hippies.† They stressed the importance of environmental importance, equality, individuality, and spirituality (Gura). Their ideals have greatly impacted the United States society in many forms, including gender and racial reform, environmental protection, economical viewpoints, and education. Although their movement would, by no means, be considered the most direct and known historical force in the progression of American society, their underlying beliefs are nearly identical and parallel to the lifestyle that is evident today. The spiritual and individualistic ideology shaped the modern culture that is displayed today. Works Cited Gura, Phillip. Transcendentalism and Social Reform .gilderlehrman.org. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History , n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014. . Goodman, Russell . Transcendentalism .plato.stanford.edu. N.p., 07 Mar 2011. Web. 18 Feb 2014. . Blanch, Lynn. Social and Political Effects of Transcendentalists.classroom.synonym.com. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014. . Hampson, Thomas. The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism.pbs.org. PBS, n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014. . Margaret Fuller.transcendentalism-legacy.tamu.edu. Psymon, n.d. Web. 18 Feb 2014. . Reuben, Paul. Chapter 4: Early Nineteenth Century: American Transcendentalism The Womens Rights Impulse.www.csustan.edu. N.p.. Web. 18 Feb 2014. .

Andrew Johnson :: essays research papers

Directions: Read the material in Henretta's Chapter 15 related to the career and impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Use the documents to answer the question, "Did Reconstruction involve intense political conflict between political parties or political points of view? What were the policy differences underlying the case for impeachment and are they represented in the eleven charges against the President? Why or why not? Read the overview and the eleven primary documents below. Prepare a three page, double-spaced, type-written essay analyzing and using the primary documents to answer the questions. The essay is due Week 2 in class. Articles of Impeachment: Article 1: That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, unmindful of the high duties of his oath of office and of the requirements of the Constitution, that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, did unlawfully, in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States, issue an order in writing for the removal of Edwin M. Stanton from the office of Secretary of the Department of War, said Edwin M. Stanton having been, therefor, duly appointed and commissioned by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States as such Secretary; and said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1867, and during the recess of said Senate, having suspended by his order Edwin M. Stanton from said office, and within twenty days after the first day of the next meeting of said Senate, on the 12th day of December, in the year last aforesaid, having reported to said Senate such suspension, with the evidence and reasons for his action in the case, and the name of the person designated to perform the duties of such office temporarily, until the next meeting of the Senate, and said Senate therafterwards, on the 13th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1868, having duly considered the evidence and reasons reported by said Andrew Johnson for said suspension, did refuse to concur in said suspension; whereby and by force of the provisions of an act entitled "an act regulating the tenure of civil officer," passed March 2, 1867, said Edwin M. Stanton did forthwith resume the functions of his office, whereof the said Andrew Johnson had then and there notice, and the said Edwin M. Andrew Johnson :: essays research papers Directions: Read the material in Henretta's Chapter 15 related to the career and impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Use the documents to answer the question, "Did Reconstruction involve intense political conflict between political parties or political points of view? What were the policy differences underlying the case for impeachment and are they represented in the eleven charges against the President? Why or why not? Read the overview and the eleven primary documents below. Prepare a three page, double-spaced, type-written essay analyzing and using the primary documents to answer the questions. The essay is due Week 2 in class. Articles of Impeachment: Article 1: That said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 21st day of February, in the year of our Lord, 1868, at Washington, in the District of Columbia, unmindful of the high duties of his oath of office and of the requirements of the Constitution, that he should take care that the laws be faithfully executed, did unlawfully, in violation of the Constitution and laws of the United States, issue an order in writing for the removal of Edwin M. Stanton from the office of Secretary of the Department of War, said Edwin M. Stanton having been, therefor, duly appointed and commissioned by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States as such Secretary; and said Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, on the 12th day of August, in the year of our Lord 1867, and during the recess of said Senate, having suspended by his order Edwin M. Stanton from said office, and within twenty days after the first day of the next meeting of said Senate, on the 12th day of December, in the year last aforesaid, having reported to said Senate such suspension, with the evidence and reasons for his action in the case, and the name of the person designated to perform the duties of such office temporarily, until the next meeting of the Senate, and said Senate therafterwards, on the 13th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1868, having duly considered the evidence and reasons reported by said Andrew Johnson for said suspension, did refuse to concur in said suspension; whereby and by force of the provisions of an act entitled "an act regulating the tenure of civil officer," passed March 2, 1867, said Edwin M. Stanton did forthwith resume the functions of his office, whereof the said Andrew Johnson had then and there notice, and the said Edwin M.

Antonio Vivaldi :: essays research papers fc

Antonio Vivaldi was born on March 4th, 1678, in Venice, Italy, and died on July 28, 1741, in Vienna, Austria. His father, a barber and a talented violinist at Saint Mark's Cathedral himself, had helped him in trying a career in music and made him enter the Cappella di San Marco orchestra, where he was an appreciated violinist. In 1703 Vivaldi became a priest and acquired the nickname "The Red Priest", since he had red hair. He had become a priest against his own will because it was the only possible way for his poor family to obtain free schooling. In 1704 he was pardoned from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his ill health, and later became a violin teacher at an orphanage for girls called Ospedale della Pietà   in Venice. The orphans soon started to gain appreciation and esteem as Vivaldi wrote most of his concertos, cantate and sacred music for them. In 1705 the first collection of his works was published. He was a prolific composer and is most well known for composing over 500 concertos, 46 Operas, sinfonias, 73 sonatas, chamber music, and sacred music. His most famous work is said to be the Four Seasons. Vivaldi's music is particularly innovative as he gave brightness to the formal and the rhythmic structure of concertos. He repeatedly looked for harmonic contrasts, creating innovative melodies and themes. Vivaldi’ main goal was to create a musical piece meant to be appreciated by the wide public, and not only by an intellectual minority. The joyful appearance of his music reveals a transmittable joy of composing. These are among the causes of the vast popularity of his music. This popularity soon made him famous also in countries like France, at the time very closed into its national schemes. He is considered one of the authors that brought Baroque music to evolve into an impressionist style. The Four Seasons composed by Vivaldi was one of the earliest examples of program music and was also the most famous of all his concertos. Vivaldi wanted to depict the various seasons in the four concerti in Italian. When you listen to the Four Season, you feel as though he has created a whole another atmosphere with its own feelings. He seems to have used only the four major instruments that are usually present in an orchestra, which are the violin, viola, cello and bass, to depict this atmosphere effortlessly.

Demand & Forecasting

DEMAND & FORCASTING Founded as a single store in 1960, Domino’s Pizza today stands as the recognized world leader in pizza delivery. From the beginning, we have been dedicated to the best of service, quality products and delivery excellence. They currently have over 9000 stores worldwide, all dedicated to providing great-tasting pizza delivered directly to your door or available for carryout. They have pioneered the pizza delivery business, and sell more than 400 million pizzas worldwide every year.Domino’s Pizza is recognized as a Megabrand by Advertising Age magazine, and has been named â€Å"Chain of the Year† by Pizza Today, the leading publication of the pizza industry, three times (Dominos). Metuchen is a very small town in Middlesex County, NJ. It is located right in the middle of Edison, NJ. It is only 2. 76 square miles with a population of over 13000. The median income is around $90000. There is approximately 5300 household consisting of 2. 56 people. A nd 30% of the population is under 18 years old (US Census). This can be interpreted as there are mostly families with kids in this community.Currently, there are no fast food pizza stores or any other fast food restaurants in the town. Edison does have many restaurants including two Dominos, one in South Edison and one in North Edison. However, neither of them delivers to Metuchen. The only direct competitor in the area is Pizza Hut. Metuchenites often get to know their local merchants and get personalized service they find missing at large chain stores in the nearby shopping malls Metuchen). Based on the Metuchen demographic information, I chose the following variables: households, income, and price of complimentary goods.I believe households to be more relevant than population based on the fact that the town consists of families with one or more children. A household will consume one or more pies per visit. And people with children are more likely to buy fast food. I chose to use income because income along with the fluctuation of price is a major factor for the demand of pizza. Also we used the variable for the price of the complimentary good Soda. People almost always buy soda or some other drink with their pizza. Although, there are some family owned competitors, I did not include them in this analysis because they are a ifferent type of pizza store. Dominos specializes in fast food delivery. And many of the family owned does not. VARIABLES Year| Qd| price/pie| soda/ liter| population| households| Income| 2010| 125000| 5| 1| 13,574| 5,249| 88,241| 2011| 127000| 5. 49| 1. 25| 13,648| 5,376| 91365| 2012| 129000| 5. 99| 1. 5| 13795| 5491| 94,410| Elasticity refers to the magnitude and the direction quantity demanded changes in response to a percentage change in the variable. Based on the information collected, we determined that all of the variables are inelastic. The price elasticity is 0. 163 and the price elasticity of soda is 0. 64. This means that the c hange in price will result in a lesser percentage change in quantity. Basically this shows that the fluctuation in price will not affect the demand too much. This is also true for the income. The income elasticity is 0. 452. This shows that if income increases, the demand for pizza will increase at a lower rate also. When price goes up, the Qd will go down based on the disposable income of the families. The income is high enough to withstand the price increase. This is also true for the number of households. Household elasticity is 0. 661. ELASTICITY rice/pie| soda/ liter| population| households| Income| 0. 163| 0. 064| 2. 935| 0. 661| 0. 452| 0. 173| 0. 079| 1. 462| 0. 736| 0. 473| Inelastic| Inelastic| Elastic| Inelastic| Inelastic| Smoothing techniques assumes that a repetitive underlying pattern can be found in the historical values of the variable being forecasted. The moving average is calculated by taking an average of past observations. The more observations included, the gr eater the smoothing effect. It gives the same weight to all the observations. The exponential model allows you to determine the weight of the observation between 0 and 1.Below we used four different smoothing techniques to forecasts the demand for pizza for years 2013-2015. The four models show the demand to be between 127500 and 128500. DEMAND FORECAST Year| Actual Demand| 5 year Moving Average| 3 year Moving Average| Exponential Smoothing w=0. 9| Exponential Smoothing w=0. 3| 2007| 126000|   |   | 126000| 126000| 2008| 129000|   |   | 126000| 126000| 2009| 131000|   |   | 128700| 126900| 2010| 125000|   | 128667| 130770| 128130| 2011| 127000|   | 128333| 125577| 127191| 2012| 129000| 127600| 127667| 126858| 127134| 2013| 128300| 128200| 127000| 128786| 127694| 014| 128100| 128060| 128100| 128349| 127876| 2015|   | 127480| 128467| 128125| 127943| The root mean square error is used to evaluate the accuracy of the forecasting model. The lower RMSE means the estimate is more accurate. RMSE RMSE|   | 811| 1933| 2790| 2377| Based on the RMSE for each of the estimates, I would estimate the 3 year moving average to be the best estimate. Although the 5 year moving average has a lower RMSE, I don’t think it is an accurate estimate because there are not enough years to get an accurate estimate. Based on the information collected, we could open a Dominos in the community and expect to do well.The forecast for demand of pizza seems to fluctuate between 127500 and 128500. Although the forecasts seems pretty stable, it doesn’t look like there will be too much growth unless the number of households and income have a larger increase that previously. The inelasticity of variables shows me that as price goes up, there will be a smaller decrease in quantity demanded. However, the income and the number of households are also inelastic. As incomes and households grow, so will the quantity demanded by a smaller increase. The price elasticity is sm aller than the income and household elasticity.So overall the quantity demanded should increase. WORKS CITED United States Census Bureau, US department of commerce, retrieved October 22, 2012 from http://quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/34/3445690. html Income Tax List, retrieved October 27, 2012 from http://www. incometaxlist. com/new-jersey-income-tax-by-zip-code-33. htm Domino’s Pizza, retrieved October 27, 2012 from http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=135383&p=irol-homeprofile Borough of Metuchen, retrieved October 23, 2012 from http://www. metuchennj. org/brochure1999. pdf

Learning Diary Essay

All students from IBS, IT and tourism sat together in the conference room. We were introduced to many friendly tutors and teachers. I was very interested in the speech of Mr Juola- Head of the Rantaviitikka campus. We were also introduced a very useful book called study guide. After finished the class, I decided to created my own library card with my friend’s help. * 4th September 2012: The first look about IBS programme. At 10. 00 am, IBS coordinator-Mrs Anzelika Krastina introduced to IBS12 group of 40 international students. I was satisfied with this introduction because I knew about: study methods, course contents and project work and practical training issues. After lunch, we were introduced to IT & ICT course by Mrs Tuijja Kuisma. We also met IBS11 and IBS10 groups. I had many useful advices from Mrs Tuijja Kuisma. * 5th September 2012: Planning International evening project. From 8. 30-10. 00, we got together with friends from IT and Tourism. They makes me feel like there are no distance between different degree programmes. After that, we continued to discuss about the International evening project. Because we have 40 international students from about 8 different countries so our coordinator decided to divide the class into 4 groups. As a result, we will 4 performances from IBS12 group. After lunch, we came to room c117 to learn about education principles and policies. We were also presented a new study method called: problems based learning. this was a completely new experience for me and I was really excited to start with this study method. * 6th September 2012: A memorable day. We started later than the other days. At 11. 30 am, we gathered at Borealis auditorium to listen to Ms Ritva Ala-Louko, Head of language center talk about the topic called â€Å" Adapting to a new culture †. all the information given was very worthwhile for me because I knew how to adapt to new life, new culture without the help of family. At 13. 00 pm, the new students walked together to the University of Lapland for the information session â€Å"Getting to know Rovaniemi†. The session began with a video about Rovaniemi. It was so funny because I had seen this video when I searched information about Rovaniemi. After that, the presentation was about Finnish Law and Regulations; Permits and Licenses for Foreigners; Rovaniemi Congregation; sport services at RAMK and ULapland. The information provided me a general look about Rovaniemi. * 7th September 2012: Opening ceremony. That day, I got up early to prepare for the opening ceremony. Exactly, all first-year student officially entered the school gates and we were welcome by Mr Martti Lampela-the principal of Rovaniemi University of Applied Sciences. We listened his speech and also received some cute gifts from Ramk’s tutors. When the speech finished, the new academic year officially began. After lunch, the student tutors leaded students to the river bank by Pohjanhovi, the venue of traditional Rovaniemi UAS vs University of Lapland rowing test. Although, the RAMK’s team won easily but we had happy moments together. The day culminated in a party at night club Doris. Unfortunately, I was under 18 years old at that time so I could not participate in the party. * 10th september 2012: the first day of academic year 2012-2013. The first class was introduction to IT. Mrs Tuija Kuisma taught us to use the basic computer system in school and some useful tools like: optima, win-hawille as well. I had to keep them in mind because they would related to my future study. After lunch, i continued with †Cross-cultural Man† class. I was confused because Krastina’s voice was quite small. Unfortunately, i sat at the back of class. but i could understand the main point of the lesson. Mrs Krastina also so gave us the information about the Problem Based Learning method. At the end of the day, we did not have to have an English test because it was cancelled. * 11th september 2012: The orientation course and Cross-cultural Man class. The orientation course was about information literacy. We learned to use the e-library to search books, information, ect. We were given a form to fill in to create a library card but i already had this card. The important of the class was to provide students with the knowledge of e-library. After lunch, we studied about teamwork and PBL method in Cross-cultural Man class. in my group, we had to solve a real problem in teamwork. After discusing, we came up with the best solution and we had to write an essay about the importance of teamwork in school for the learning task. In my country, i did not have enough opportunities to work in a team so when i worked in a group i was not confident. I will improve myself in the near future. * 12th september 2012: Knowledge about reference and academic writing. Mrs Johanna made me feel very comfortable because of her enthusiam. She was always ready to help students to finish the reference. In the future, i will write many essays so i have to remind myself to study hard all the time. Pham Xuan Tung.

Standardization versus Adaptation in International Marketing

There has been much debate over implementing a standardization strategy versus an adaptation approach across international markets. There are numerous factors to consider, along with pros and cons of both marketing plans. While standardization is equated with brand consistency, lower advertising costs, and overall synergy, adaptation is often required to address cultural differences for more effective communication and proves that cutting costs does not always facilitate higher profits1.For some time many researchers, such as R. D.  Buzzell in 1968, have concluded that the real question is what marketing elements can be standardized and to what degree2. However, academics support the notion that adaptation is essential to prosper in global markets. 3 And in the instance of advertising to China, the necessity for adaption is ever present. China is a very appealing marketplace to many companies due to its large population and growing economy. Despite the country’s fiscal growt h, there still remains a large disparity between big cities, like Shanghai and Beijing, versus the more inland provinces4.And since the relationship of cultural, political, and economical similarities support the standardization of competitive strategy, treating China as one nation to market to would be a mistake in itself, let along trying to standardize a campaign targeting American and Chinese consumers. Some corporations, such as Coca-Cola and Proctor and Gamble, have achieved extreme success by targeting the affluent, but there is almost a 90% segment left to infiltrate. 5 This may mean lowering product price point, but many firms still deter from positioning their products to the middle or lower class due to the high advertising costs.It is an overcrowded arena to effectively breakthrough, but this is where adaptation would hold the competitive advantage. Along with the vast disproportionate economies of scale, the psychological and cultural drivers of Chinese consumers are tr ansforming as well. The desire to express their individuality is ever present, especially in the younger generations. Nokia has seen their cell phone sales surpass other brands because of its fashion focus that the other phones lacked6.The want  for basic consumer goods is also overlooked for ones that offer a lifestyle benefit of enjoyment. â€Å"The percentage of households reporting they have DVD players jumped from 7% in 1997 to 52% in 2004. The number of households with computers grew from 2% in 1994 to 13% in 2004, and the number of those with mobile phones jumped from 10% in 1999 to 48% in 2004† (Burkholder). Thus, consumers are more likely to spend their money on technology or fashion as opposed to a household item they may need.Globalization is one of the reasons a new Chinese consumer has emerged. Individuality, brand attitudes, and lifestyle preferences in China are more aligned with Western markets, yet multinational corporations have been disappointed from stan dardized marketing strategies7. The drive to purchase Western products has greatly increased between each Chinese generation as well. In fact, generation Y (18-24) has purchased more tech-savvy devices, used the Internet, and purchased more Western brands than any Chinese age demographic before8.This appears to be more of a reason to standardize advertising campaigns, but despite desire and acceptance of Western ideals and products, the younger Chinese demographic is still very in touch and proud of their heritage9. This dynamic consumer requires research and attention, which denotes an adaptation technique to effectively communicate a marketing plan. There seems to be a general consensus from marketing researchers and intellectuals that standardization strategies are more effective, economical, and should be applied initially.However, consumer behavior and perceptions play an integral role in framing an advertising campaign and this is where a degree of adaptation is essential. Sta ndardizing many parts of a marketing mix is beneficial, but there are certain areas where modification will yield the best results. In order to achieve a working model of international marketing, standardization and adaptation strategies should be applied as see fit. And since China has a particularly diverse set of consumers that makes marketing to the country alone dynamic, an adaptation approach would be advantageous in regards to an international campaign.

The Constitution fails to meet the needs of a rapidly changing society

When the Constitution was written by the ‘Founding Fathers back in 1787, they intentionally made it so that it could survive over time. They made it flexable so because they envisaged that there were problems that they could not forsee in the future, these are things such as the Depression of the late twenties and early thirties. ‘The Framers' intended for the amendment process to be the main way of updating the constitution and through time this has been evident. An important part of a democratic government is the accountability of those in power, in recent times we have seen the system in America fail, in part this may be due to the fact that the constitution may be outdated. During Bill Clintons' second term of office there were a number of scandals that rocked the White House, the first being the Paula Jones affair. During a hearing about the Paula Jones affair Clinton stated that he had not had â€Å"sexual relations† with Monica Lewinsky, this turned out to be a lie and Congress attempted to impeach him. The impeachment failed due to the wording of the constitution as it was based on the fact that they believed he had committed ‘a high crime or misdemeanour' but Clintons' lawyers asked for a definition of this and Congress could not give one. This shows that the wording of the constitution was outdated or the constitution was badly worded. There was also a lack of accountability during the Watergate scandal as President Nixon was able to escape with no punishment even though he was part of a conspiracy to commit a felony, all charges against Nixon were dropped by his successor Gerald Ford due to the fact that Presidents have the power to withdraw charges against anybody in America. This shows that there is an essential part of the democratic process missing due to flaws in the constitution. When the constitution was first written in 1787 there was a strong possibility of war, so when the founding fathers drew up the constitution they added in an article which said that all people have the right to bear arms. This article has been problematic ever since. Within the last decade there have been many high profile shootings in schools such as Columbine, this has led to a stronger fight against the gun laws. There are those such as the National Rifle Association who say that that right can not be taken away from them as it is one of their constitution rights but there is a problem with that as within the preamble there is the mention of insuring domestic tranquillity, can this be done when there are children who can gain easy access to guns, there are also the problems with the number of deaths due to gun crimes, the right to life is also mentioned in the constitution. The flexibility of the constitution is crucial to its longevity as if it was too rigid it would not have lasted, there may be the problem though that it is too flexible. Over the years there hav been many changes in the federal system, most notably the introduction of Roosevelts ‘New Deal' which saw the power shift more towards the central government, then there was the move back through presidents such as Nixon and Reagan. During this time the efficacy of the government could be questioned as we saw with the ‘Appropreations Crisis' in 1995, during this time government was shut down for two weeks this was ineffect shutting down the country as federal run services such as the postal service were also closed. A solution was found to stop that happening again, that arrived in the form of the ‘Line Item Veto', this gave the President the power to remove unsuitable sentences or paragraphs from a bill. Eighteen months after its introduction it was scrapped as the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional as it gave too much power to one person. Many considered this as a mistake as it made the legislative process faster as it saved the bill being sent back to Congress. This shows that there is room for improvement within the constitution. Through time the main way to update the constitution has been through the Amendment process. As society and its ideals has changed so has the Constitution, when society started to object to slavery and racism the constitution began to follow, the same with womens rights. There are other problems as I have already mentioned the constitution still protects the pro-gun lobby as it is stated in the constitution that all citizens shall bear arms, after a number of atrocities and the significant rise in gun crime, society is begininng to object but still there is no movement on any new amendments in regards to gun laws. The lack of movement may be due to the constitution being outdated but it may also be due to the power that the NRA and other pro gun groups have but we have seen great trides taken through time such as the moves against racism. The constitution was based on what was happening in the eighteenth century and what the ‘Framers' envisaged would happen in the future, but there would seem to be the ability within it, due to its flexibility, to change with modern society. Through time we have seen how society has changed and not far behind is the constitution due to the amendment process.

Marketing Plan 3D printing Essay

Objective of this marketing plan for 3D printing is to create awareness to new customers in education industry, increase market share, and provide customized value-added solution to current users. 3D printing is considered a new technology in Singapore, so to achieve the objectives, we proposes Stratasys to make use the lateral diversification strategy. The reason of adopting this strategy is to improve its profitability and sustainability of the organization. The objective may be achieved through 3 phases. In the short-term (1 year), the objective is to create awareness through newspapers, online advertising and live demonstration will be conducted at institutes’ open house events, and where the new students will be introduced to this new technology together. Stratasys can also select some institutes to trial on this printer for 6 months which will helps to augment its marketability and school’s perception of the product. In the mid to long term (2 to 4 year) the objective is to provide customization and value-added solution to institutes that have been consistently using our products and services. Customization will be offered to meet institutes’ requirement and we can offered includes product training and customer consultation on the printers that are offered to them. Stratasys can also provide maintenance, repair service and improving product safety as an additional value-added solution. This will aid in promoting more institutes to use 3D printing in product development through word-of-mouth recommendation. In the long term (4 years onwards) the technology will be well recognized in the minds of the most institution, and this will enable Stratasys to gain loyal customers. With an increase in market share, Stratasys will be able to fine-tune on the price offered to make it affordable to allow more users to explore the technology, and also created more applications for it. For example, smaller printers will be produced to cater to small companies, and sector specific types for dental, aerospace, and medical. Ultimate goal will be gaining competitive advantage in the marketplace. Marketing Mix Marketing mix was designed as a simple way to focus attention on the main elements of marketing for a business and to create a marketing strategy to  the business, products or services. The traditional of marketing mix consists of four main elements which is product, price, place and promotion. They are the combination of marketing efforts that to meet and satisfy the needs and wants of consumers. But in a modern world, marketers have developed to seven P’s of marketing mix, which comprises the former 4P’s and added people, physical evidence and process. (Valuebasedmanagement.net, 2013) Products Stratasys has three main series of printers which is cater for different purposes. Idea Series printers bring 3D printers to smaller teams and individual, which allows them to utilize 3D printer within their financial budget. For this series of printers, it will be suitable for institutes that offered jewellery designs course. As for design series printers, it helps to improve on communication, collaboration and problem solving. With the use of photopolymer materials, it helps to create flexibility and confidence in product presentation. It is definitely more suitable for institutes that have offered product design offered. This will helps the students in completing and exhibiting their final products. Lastly is production series, it provides speed, accuracy and efficiency at an affordable cost. As for this series, it will be catering for engineering students. Each series of 3D printers will benefit institutes in reducing time, cost and increase of accuracy and efficiency. Apart from individual printer purchase, we do offer customized bundle packages for customers who wish to purchase more than a printer. Price Pricing plays an important role as it determines the revenue generated, therefore, price has to be attractive and affordable. Price of 3D printers that Stratasys offered depends on the size and purpose of the printers. The price strategy used is differential pricing strategy. Stratasys can adjust pricing based on various situations and circumstances. Price for new consumers will always start high and gradually lower if bundle packages are purchased or bulk buying. Price that customers are paying is not only for printer, but also the after-service. Offering discounts or additional value-added service will make the business more attractive to the business. Stratasys can offer more affordable 3D printers and bundle package offering  to institutes that purchase more printers and materials. Processes This is the process element how the service is delivered to the customers. Stratasys can implement a customer service to help monitor on new customers’ progress on the products and offer provides servicing to all new customers before their warranty for the printers are expiring. This will make customers feel importance and this will help to build up their confidence in our products and services offered. Promotion A Online Marketing – Facebook and You tube The main objective of promotion is to create awareness of a product or service. Promotion is the communicating information about your product or  service to generate a positive response from your customer. Online marketing is critical to business in this current society. With reference to Chart B, currently approximately 90% of Singapore resident are users in Facebook. It is important that Stratasys will use this medium to create communication on 3D printing technology. Most students in Singapore have a Facebook account, thus they are able to view Facebook Chart B – Facebook Users in Singapore B Event Road Show This is a different marketing strategy, compared to digital marketing. This marketing strategy requires physical demonstration and explanation of 3D printers at an event. This will attract the curiosity of potential customer that is new and curious to this technology. For such events, well-trained staffs will be present to demonstrate the advantage of 3D printing technology and help to resolve on consumers’ questions. C Youtube Youtube is an online media streaming website which users are able to access internationally. It is considered an inexpensive advertisement media to market products and services as the resources require are only computers, video camera and internet connection. Stratasys can upload videos on 3D printing into Youtube which will create more awareness internationally. Users will then use mouth-of-words to share this video with their families and friends, thus it will broaden the publicity of 3D printers to new customers.

Teaching of Advanced Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Teaching of Advanced Mathematics - Essay Example But before that, we must delve further into the importance of the questioning mechanism, thus I shall bring out opinions presented by established mathematicians in relation to this study, as applied to classroom teaching of Mathematics. Ainley, J. as mentioned above, interprets her findings about questioning techniques, on the premise that, when, applied to classroom study, everytime the teacher asks a question, it merely implies her underlying desire in testing the student's learning outcome. Therefore, a teacher's questioning style is described as "guess what is in my mind" tactics. Some of the frequent techniques of mathematical questioning range from using open questions, not commenting on answers but waiting for more, bringing in other people, collecting a range of responses on the board, seeking agreement, alternatives and dissent, using or not using "hands-up", using names to generate particular response, remaining silent until something else is said, and eventually all effort s culminating towards a successful learning outcome. Jim Smith, in his article "Questioning Questioning" (1986) in the same study as Ainley, advises to maintain a balance between saying too much so that things become repetitive, to saying nothing at all. Suggesting that students be encouraged to talk enthusiastically about how they have helped other students, be allowed to interrupt teachers with relevant questions, and thereby, enable them to take part in the scheme by Skemp called "relational" learning (1976 & 1993), which is a flexible methodology that imparts in the student, a genuine interest in the deeper aspects of learning Mathematics, not only through methods and formulae but also by developing in them the much-needed grasping power to form powerful connections, interpretations, eliminate unnecessary fear of complex figures and symbols (such as surds, integrands, graphs, tables, etc.) and a chain of unbroken knowledge to further advance their learning capabilities. Both mathematicians have affirmed the potent power of "testing" methodologies over simple "seeking" questions. As discussed in relevant examples above, upon our own close introspection, we can find that several of these questioning techniques are already followed by us in enhancing day-to-day learning activities whatever be the subject of study. In the course lesson example mentioned in this paper, I have designed my scheme to accommodate this very school of thought. In an effort to understand the constructive ideas behind methods of questioning, we have at our disposal, a

Marketing Image differentiation competitive advantage Essay

Marketing Image differentiation competitive advantage - Essay Example It should be noted that in this type of differentiation strategy, the product is not tangibly different from its competitors. The marketer's primary function, then, is the addition of intangible features which would enhance the image and position of the product in the market. Tangible differentiation is much more apparent and easily identified than intangible ones. In case of toothbrushes, Colgate and Oral B are tangibly different. Oral B toothbrushes are distinctive because of the red dye in the center bristles which fades and tells customers when they need a new toothbrush. On the other hand, Colgate offers its revolutionary toothbrush that focuses on overall hygiene with its tongue cleaner. Intangible differentiation can best seen in the laptop market. It should be noted that some notebooks offered by Hewlett-Packard and Apple Computers are the same in terms of memory, connectivity, battery life, etc. However, customers are willing to pay a premium for a Mac because it is marketed as an upscale product while HP is for the mass market. The price of the notebooks together with their images in the market succeeds in creating intangible differences for the product. Extreme examples of the two products which are tangibly the same but are differentiated in the market

Maisie is representative of her class (the working poor) and gender Essay

Maisie is representative of her class (the working poor) and gender. Discuss the effects of WWI on the class system and on women, in particular - Essay Example One of the ways in which Maisie Dobbs represents the working class poor is by having a history and identity that totally correlates with the working class poor. Particularly, Maisie Dobbs hails from a poor background. Alongside this, Maisie becomes less fortunate as she loses her mother her mother at her pubescent stage of life. To show for this poverty and underprivileged status, Dobbs has to work to supplement her father’s efforts. In fact, the matter is graver since this means that Dobbs is being exploited, since she is a minor yet she is employed. This is not so uncommon among low income earners or the working class poor societies which may not mind their underage children being conscripted into child labor, to supplement their meager earnings (Winspear, 12). Likewise, Dobbs represents the working class poor by landing a lowly job as maid at Lady Rowan Compton’s Belgravia Mansion, in 1910. Mostly, it is the working class poor which cannot discriminate against jobs that come their way, because of prevailing antecedent factors such as previous inability to access quality education. This means that in the long run, the working class poor subculture cannot produce favorable qualifications to help them attain meaningful jobs. Dobbs also represents the working class poor by taking education seriously. The working class poor takes education seriously because it sees it as the only conduit by which it can become empowered and scale upwards in the society. High income earners and the upper middle class may mostly not take learning as seriously as the working class poor, since the two classes are privileged to have several options. The seriousness that Dobbs expends in her learning is seen in her being filled with the joy of reading and learning when she is introduced to Lady Compton’s library. Dobbs also gladly and willingly becomes Maurice Blanche’s

Argument Essay, 1. I believe Existence of God. 2. God does not exist Research Paper

Argument Essay, 1. I believe Existence of God. 2. God does not exist. For example, like The Ontological Argument - Research Paper Example It would be no exaggeration to contend that human thought has been seized with the idea of God, from times immemorial (Safa and Ahmadi D1). Substantiations relating to the existence of God constitute some of the enduring features of philosophical discussion. Some of the classifications of the corroboration of God’s existence are those that are conceptual or dependent upon aspects of the created order (Cumming 3). It is a mystery, as regards the manner in which supernatural faith interacts with human beings. The highest knowledge relating to God that can be derived solely from philosophical considerations has been defined as the preambles of faith or the praeambula fidei. The few individuals who experience the act of belief, do not find these preambles of faith to be exceedingly enigmatic. These fortunate individuals have testified that the true believer enjoys the grace, which can be termed the intelligence provided by faith (Grzesik 258). It is indeed faith that induces one to seek God and thereby admit one’s shortcomings. As a consequence, individuals are enabled to comprehend that help from the Lord is essential to avail of the benefits provided by Him and to transform the intellect to understand the higher truths. This entire process of transcendence is critically dependent upon faith (Grzesik 259). Arguments that support or oppose the existence of God can be classified as deductive or inductive. Ostensibly, the existence of God tends to be difficult to establish, despite several of the atheists being rational human beings. This state of affairs has been attributed to certain ontological assumptions regarding the nature of the world and the nature of God (Crutcher 430). Presumptions regarding the existence or non – existence of God, tend to possess a circular nature. This is due to the fact that such arguments attempt to establish their hypothesis by making an assumption regarding the non – existence or reality of

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Class - Essay Example Nevertheless, my visit to the museum was an enriching experience which had me asking for more. The museum leaves no stones unturned to make you feel that you were there when it all happened. With the help of personal audio equipment, there is a touch of reality to the whole experience. There is a lot more to see at the museum. There are various events, programs, tours, lectures, films that talk about the stories of many Holocaust survivors. The exhibition is a single true story, the story of Jay Ipson and his family and how they survived the Kovno Ghetto in Lithuania and settled in Richmond after World War II . â€Å"The museum was built with children in mind†, says Ipson. â€Å"They can relate so much better to the single story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.six million is just incomprehensible to them.† The outside of the building has an intimidating appearance with brown brick with bright green boarded up windows. All in all, the visit to this museum is a very moving education al experience! The museum puts in a lot of effort to educate the people and promote tolerance towards each and everyone, irrespective of their nationality, religion, race, sex or creed. We cannot turn a blind eye to the humble motive behind the origination of this museum. Therefore, there is a need to preserve this museum for the values it stands for. Established in 1997, Virginia holocaust museum is situated on 2000 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia and it is founded by Mark Fetter, Al Rosenbaum, and one of Richmond’s youngest Holocaust survivors, Jay Ipson. In an effort to preserve and educate the people on the atrocities of the Holocaust of World War II, the museum strives on a two-fold mission: to educate young people about the Holocaust and at the same time combat intolerance and anti-Semitism. Keeping this mission in mind, â€Å"Teaching Tolerance Through Education† was initiated. Initially, the museum occupied the unused rooms of the Temple Beth El in Richmon d, Virginia. The museum, then quickly flourished and by 2000, it had its own space. An old tobacco warehouse in historic Shockoe Bottom donated by the Virginia State Legislature became the new house of the Virginia Holocaust Museum. The dedication of this new site was done during Yom Ha'Shoah v'Ha'Gvruah in April, 2003, the day which is known as the Day of Remembrance and Heroism. During the pre-war Kovno, there were about 40,000 Jews, out of which only 3,000 survived. Thousands of children lost their lives in the Kovno Ghetto. Deportation and malnutrition contributed to the deaths of so many lives. Ipson’s sister was one of the children to face death during the war. In 1943, Ipson’s family managed to escape from their ghetto with the help of a local farmer. The poor Catholic Polish farmer had nothing to gain from them nor they had anything to offer to him, nevertheless, he helped them because he knew what the Germans were doing was wrong. This is a perfect example of expression of humanity, regardless of race, religion, caste or creed. One of the interesting exhibitions at the museum is the recreation of the chapter of their lives wherein they escape through the barbed wire of their ghetto. The museum, today boasts of 28 exhibits. â€Å"The Ipson Saga,† is an interesting tale of the Museum Director and founder, Jay M Ipson, which documents his and his family’s story from pre-war Lithuania, their escape and eventually their liberation. Right in front of the building sits a German cattle car

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Analysis - Essay Example As a result, the author asks why discrepancy prevails between reality and immigrants’ impact on the economy. According to Campo-Flores, Americans argue that immigrants are bad since they create an influx in the workplace. Moreover, the undocumented immigrants strain public services in places such as hospitals, jails, and schools (2010). Though the overall influence of undocumented immigrants is positive, the benefits and costs are disbursed in an uneven manner. For instance, businesses and employers, particularly in agribusinesses benefit the most from immigrants’ low-cost labor, making other sectors to complain about the impact of immigrants in the country. In addition, though consumers acquire goods and services at grocery stores cheaply, most of them fail to understand that immigrants make the greatest contribution. The author makes these points because the negative perceptions towards illegal immigrants are concentrated among the low-skilled natives. They suffer from foreign labor competition, leading to reduced wages, particularly among American high-school dropouts. In this case, the best way to address this issue is not to eliminate immigrants, but to encourage Americans, particularly those who feel threatened by foreigners to boost their and skills in the labor

The (IEP) Individualize Educational Plan for students with speech and Research Paper

The (IEP) Individualize Educational Plan for students with speech and language disorders - Research Paper Example Inclusive education is defined by the Salamanca Framework of Action as â€Å"education in the mainstream of regular education regardless of race, linguistic ability, economic status, gender, age, ability, ethnicity, religious and sexual orientation†. The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA, 2004) prescribed educational institutions to thoroughly consider the needs of students with special education needs. Each child with disability will be furnished with an Individualized Education Program (IEP). An IEP is the educational map used for children with disabilities availing of special education services in schools. Under Public law 108-144, the IEPs are required to have the following components: the child’s present level of performance; measurable annual goals; how the child’s progress toward meeting the annual goals will be measured and when periodic reports on the progress the child is making toward meeting the annual goals will be provided; the special educati on (i.e., specially designed instruction) and related services and supplementary aids and services, based on peer-reviewed research to the extent practicable, to be provided to the child; program modifications or supports for school personnel that will be provided for the child; the extent to which the child will not participate with nondisabled children in the regular classroom; and individual appropriate accommodations that are necessary to measure the academic achievement and functional performance of the child on state and districtwide assessments (PL 108-446, 2004) IDEA (2004) emphasizes the accurate and objective measurement of the student’s progress B. Statement of the Problem This paper aims to explore what individual education programs (IEPs) are for children with special education needs. How is the curriculum modified to suit their needs? C. Summary This chapter has presented the concept of inclusion education the Individualized Educational Program as mandated by la w to be provided to children with special education needs. II. Literature Review A. Introduction and Overview Children with special education needs usually have more difficulty coping with the learning tasks in the inclusive classroom, considering they learn with more able peers. Thanks to government mandates Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) and No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) as implementation from the Salamanca Framework of Action of UNESCO that children with special education needs have same rights and privileges as typically-developing children. Diliberto and Brewer (2012) define the IEP as the â€Å"curriculum road map for special education services developed by a team of individuals who are critical to the student's educational success† (p. 31). This program should be based on the appropriate assessment of the student’s strengths and needs by the whole IEP team (O'Conner & Wyasik, 2008). In order to address the learning needs of students with special educ ation needs, teachers should prepare their IEP based on the recommended goals and objectives of professionals who have diagnosed the learners. The teachers themselves should assess the students’ academic performance in all subjects or curricular areas by using both formal and formal assessment materials, interviews with other teachers of their observations and determining the students’ strengths and weaknesses. All observations and judgments regarding the students’ abilities should be considered in the design of the IEP. After looking into the student, the teacher should now analyze if the curriculum for the students’ class or level is appropriate to the students with spe

White Privilege Essay Example for Free

White Privilege Essay How America came about is fascinating, and learning about immigration, rights, laws, and racism makes learning more beneficial. It helps you to understand why we, as a nation, are they way we are today, and why we will continue to be stuck in our ways. According to James Barrett and David Roediger, â€Å"The Story of Americanization is vital and compelling, but it took place in a nation also obsessed by race†¦the process of â€Å"becoming white† and â€Å"becoming American† were connected at every turn (36). † One of the most controversial topics is white privilege and discrimination. Segregation within school systems has been a dominant problem in the past and will always continue to be. Being privileged is a something that individuals should be conscious of due to their past and understand that it is a privilege to be white rather than to be discriminated against. Becoming conscious of one’s own white privilege is the first step to understand the deeper meaning of racism and discrimination. My intentions of writing this paper were to describe a situation in which I was conscious of my own white privilege. White privilege was always on my side until high school where I felt as though I was discriminated against as being a petite, white girl, from upper-class Allendale leaving me to been seen as an easy target. While at my locker one day during lunch, I was approached by two of the black students (one male and one female) and a Latino girl, and they tried to convince me something hurtful was written about me in the bathroom. Being that I am not the type to care, get involved, or respond, I turned to walk away. The Latino girl proceeded to grab my hair causing me to turn and face her and she punched me square in the face. After several minutes of back and forth wrestling and punches, the fight was broken up my teachers. It turns out that there was nothing written about me, they were just trying to get me into the bathroom to fight me, opposed to the hallway which is out in the open. All three of the students that were there were taken to the principal’s office immediately and suspended for two days whereas I got off free and I was allowed to go back to my day. During the duration of the day, one of the African American men left the principal’s office in rage and had a mission to destroy all my belongings in my locker. The boy pried open my locked and poured a bottle of soda all over my books, note books and belongings. After I reported this to our principal, he held the three students involved in the fight until one person came clean about who had been at fault for ruining my locker. It turned out, that no one admitted to it, and they were all suspended even longer than originally for not fessing up. The following week, none of the three students attended my high school anymore and I was told by my principal that they left to attend other high schools in surrounding towns. After this incident, I have never come into contact with any of them ever again. However, several of my male friends found out what happened that day and wanted nothing but to get revenge and retaliate against them and show them who runs the high school, being that whites are minority. I became very conscious of my white privilege growing up in a one-square mile suburban town of Allendale, New Jersey. My entire educational career through eighth grade consisted of white, middle-to-upper-class Americans. All the people were similar, with the same morals, values and beliefs. Everyone dressed similar and drove similar cars, partook in the same activities and hung out in specific niches. At this point in my life, I could say I could correlate my life to Peggy McIntosh’s article when she describes the matrix of white privilege; There was one main piece of cultural turf; it was my own turf, and I was among those who could the turf. I could measure up to the cultural standards and take advantage of the many options I saw around me to make what the culture would call a success of my life†¦I could think of myself as â€Å"belong† in major ways, and of making social systems work for me. I could†¦be oblivious to anything outside of the dominant cultural forms (295). It wasn’t until high school where I thought I would potentially move out of my small town bubble. My high school is regional; students from Allendale, along with the surrounding towns of Ho-Ho-Kus, Upper Saddle River and half of Saddle River attended. Being that I came from such a white school system, the thought of going onto high school and being surrounded by students of other races and ethnicities is something that never crossed my mind. I was never taught about the disadvantages of being white, but rather I learned about blacks and their disadvantages of dealing with racism. Over the years, little was taught about racism and what it stood for, instead we were just told that this is what happened to people when they were of different races and ethnicities back in the day. The article by Peggy McIntosh describes how whites are taught to think of blacks; â€Å"As a white person, I realized I had never been taught about racism as something which put others at a disadvantage, but had been taught not to see one of its corollary aspects, white privilege , which puts me at an advantage†(291). Being white was never something that I had to deal with in or outside of school, or even within my community. I wasn’t necessarily shocked to walk into high school my first day to find only a select few of Latinos and African Americans. However, these were things that I never thought about or even had to think about. The few Latinos and African Americans came from Upper Saddle River and Saddle River. I was never stereotypical of these groups of people until I was surrounded with people from towns that had engaged with these people all the way up through high school. The Latinos in my school all stuck together, as well as the three African Americans that attended my high school. I feel as though this particular situation involved me having the white privilege advantage and it seems as though my white privilege helped to get me out of trouble. I should have gotten in trouble for â€Å"self defense† and throwing punches back, but I feel as though since I had never caused problems before, and they had been the center of most of the problems I was let go with no punishment. The students that got in trouble, were seen as troublesome students because of their past, where I had a clean record with no reason to suspect I was the start of the brawl. Considering my school is mostly made up of white students and entirely white faculty, when the three students got in trouble, it was probably a stereotypical decision based on non-whites. Blacks have always endured pain and agony as, â€Å"†¦victims of discrimination, segregation, and violence, blacks in the North encountered a powerful cluster of negative racial images. These stereotypes contributed to the conditions of racial degradation and poverty, which, in turn, reinforced prejudice† (Takaki 107). This excerpt further explains that stereotypes stick and the negative racial images will forever be a part of the everyday lives of blacks. The primary reason of why the situation occurred, I believe dates back to sundown towns. Beginning in about 1890 and continuing until 1968, white Americans established thousands of towns across the United States for whites only. A ‘sundown town’ is any organized influence that, for decades, was all-white on purpose. Many towns drove out their black populations, and then posted sundown signs. Other towns passed ordinances barring African-Americans after dark or prohibiting them from owning or renting property. Evelyn Nakano Glenn helps to further explain the regulations, â€Å"White controlled municipalities passed ordinances creating racial zones. When these laws were found to be unconstitutional, whites formed neighborhood associations and turned to â€Å"private† arrangements such as economic boycotts, violence, and restrictive covenants. These restrictions deprived blacks of a central element of liberal citizenship, namely property rights† (37-38). This is proof that the African-American populations had no choice but to leave because they weren’t welcome. No one would support their businesses or wanted anything to do with them; they were literally driven out of these towns and wouldn’t stand a chance if they stayed. Being that the town of Allendale where I grew up was a sundown town, which is the most obvious explanation as to why I grew up surrounded by all whites. Moving onto high school, the other regional towns of Ho-Ho-Kus and Upper Saddle River were sundown towns as well. This plays a huge role in the situation at my high school because people of color and different races are focused on more and white students carry all the dominant privilege. If I had been a different race I think the entire situation would have never occurred because I would probably be a person that was known for affiliating with them. If I had been black, I would have probably felt like I should stick with the other three black students in the high school. The situation would have been the same if I were Latino or another race. Segregation still takes place in America and being one of only a few black families within your community will be a repetitive cycle for black families looking to move to our dominantly white community. According to Douglas Massey; â€Å"When avenues of spatial assimilation are systematically blocked my prejudice, and discrimination, however, residential segmentation increases and persists over time. New Minorities arrive in the city and settle within enclaves, but their subsequent spatial mobility is stymied, and ethnic concentrations increase†¦whereupon group members are forced to adjacent areas, thus expanding the boundaries of the enclave† (225). I feel as though since my region of New Jersey is predominantly white, what would things change now? Why would blacks and ethnic families feel inclined to move to a neighborhood where they stand out? Especially for African-American families, my town along with the surrounding towns do not sell African-American hair products in any of my supermarkets or pharmacies nor are there salons where African-American women can go to get their hair braided. My community has adjusted to the white population and being that my town is so small, I feel as though it would take dramatic lengths to change the way our community functions. Being white, I feel as though I benefited from the whole situation because I did not get in trouble for punching the girl back, and I did not get suspended. I was allowed to return to my day at school as though nothing happened while they were kept in the front office until school was let out and were suspended for the rest of the week (2 days). This experience made me think about my race in a different way because I had never encountered issues with non-white people, because I was never around them. Coming from a primarily white school, white students stand to make white privilege stick out like a sore thumb. It helped me to understand that white people dominated my school population and that this would have never been an issue if the school had always been made up of a majority of other races and ethnicities. It is as if the select few minorities felt as though they needed to stand up for themselves and prove that just because there are so few of them they can still â€Å"run† the school. The three students involved, I feel, chose to leave due to feeling like they were discriminated against and treated differently than other students. They could have felt mistreated or felt that being out numbered was a disadvantage for them. Moving to surrounding schools definitely made them feel like they belonged better because I know there were mixed groups of people outside of our high school district. Being that ninety-nine percent of my school was white could have made the few students feel intimidated and make the white students angrier and feel the need to gang up on them after this incident, almost to prove their white privilege. This incident correlates to issues of citizenship and my ability to participate as a full and equal member of American society because I suffered no consequences from the incident except for a bloody nose. A bloody nose is a temporarily occurrence but because of what happened, it hasn’t affected me being a full and equal member in the American society. It has however, affected the minority students at my high school, and drove them away. As described by Evelyn Glenn, â€Å"At its most general level, citizenship refers to full membership in the community in which one lives. Membership in turn implies certain†¦reciprocal duties toward the community (37). † These black students are citizens but they do not live in a community with other African-Americans reside. They can be still be involved in the community but the families as a whole might not be as eager to get involved as they are outnumbered and may feel their voices may not be heard or make a difference. There are a few potential long term consequences of white privilege for myself that will be with me as long as I live. Being that Quinnipiac University is not very diverse, but more diverse than my high school, it was difficult to get used to seeing people of color and different ethnicities every day. I do not believe growing up in an all white community has been beneficial to me, and I wish I was more natural around people of different races and ethnicities. It is unrealistic to say that I will never have to deal with this, but in the real world, and when finding a job, you will be presented with a variety of people that may even become more of friends rather than co-workers. Someone’s accent or skin color does not determine what kind of person they are, it is their personality that makes them who they are. I also believe in regards to the incident, if I had been at fault, and was suspended for my actions of self defense, I would have not been able to attend a prestigious school such as Quinnipiac. When applying for colleges, most applications ask if you have ever been suspended, such as the Quinnipiac application which asks if you have ever been suspended or missed significant time from school. I would have then had to explain the situation and how I was suspended for self defense. If colleges see that you are a troubled student, and have a record for misbehaving, they will not accept you to their school. Community colleges of lower rankings will be more willing to accept a student with a past, rather than a private school like Quinnipiac University. Discrimination and segregation still exist today. The past makes up the present so learning about what people of all races and ethnicities went through in history is important as a citizen of the United States. Everyone, in some way, or somehow, has dealt with discrimination whether it is you or friends and family. While on the other hand, it is imperative to pay attention to your privileges and understand what it means to be American. Works Cited Barrett, James E. , and David Roediger. 2005. How White People Became White. Pg. 35-40 in White Privilege: Essential Reading on the Other Side of Racism, 2nd Ed. , Paula S. Rothenberg, Ed. New York: Worth Publishers. Glenn, Evelyn, Nakano. Citizenship: Universalism and Exclusion. Pg. 18-55 in Unequal Freedom: How Race and Gender Shaped American Citizenship and Labor. Cambridge: Harvard. Massey, Douglas S. How Space Gets Raced. Rethinking the Color Line. By Charles A. Gallagher. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 225. McIntosh, Peggy. 1997 White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming to See Correspondences through Work in Womens Studies. Pg. 290-99 in Critical White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror. Richard Delgado Jean Stefancic, Eds. Philadephia: Temple University Press. Takaki, Ronald T. A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America. New York, NY: Back Bay, 1994. 108.