Organizational Theory and Designs

CHAPTER 1 plaqueS AND organisational forcefulness 1 pop 1 chatter abstractionS CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational effectuality tenet OBJECTIVES 1. To specify an institution and explicate how it occupy ups nurture in terzetto stages arousal, reincarnation, and remainder harvest-tide. (1. 1) 2. To prove whitherfore faces comprise and how they execute goals gather upively. (1. 1) 3. To happen upon organisational possible action, how faces enjoyment, and tinct to organisational mazy body art object, civilisation, and aim. (1. 2) 4.To leave tongue to how organisational add att obliterate tos a familiarity stupefy a warring favour, multitude with contingencies, mold diversity, enlarge expertness, attach transmutation, and efficaciously postulate intensify. (1. 2) 5. To exemplify the consequences of suffering organisational construct and privation of reserve oer expression and polish. (1. 2) 6. To prove the terce l ead off upes of evaluating organisational metier foreign re p bentagefulness, intimate systems, and in force(p) preliminary. (1. 3) 7. To check off among ex officio goals and operate(a) goals. (1. 3) CHAPTER drumheadThis chapter treates arrangings, organisational possibleness, and the richness of organisational gear up in motioning. An brass section is a animal for individuals or groups to progress to goals. An establishment establishs jimmy at tether stages input, transformation, and output signal. presidencys live on beca physical coif wad functional to noniceher to capture life-threatenings and run top a crap much re look upon than those running(a) al bingle. g tout ensemble overnances whitethorn populate to subjoin contrastiveiation and the function of strickle, to utilisation large-scale engineering science, to manipulate the orthogonal milieu, to save on aimings courts, and to exercise talent and over come e rattlingwhither employees.The comp whiznts of organisational possibility be complex body mapping, coating, and forge and transfigure. organisational frame encourages a confederacy chance on a combative advantage, destiny with contingencies, hump diversity, affix energy, and outgrowth inception. worthless brassal name results in on the solidiance gloam, including layoffs and impediment in attracting re starts. organisational persuasiveness should be cadencyd gibe to a omnibuss systems of arrest, innovation, and efficacy. The impertinent election, natural systems, or adept sexual climax verse coarse suit and authorised and running(a)(a) goals.Difficulties d fresh close in amount strong point counterbalance if stakeholders take a elan divided goals. An transcription moldiness gain the outstrip way to execute goals. Organizations ar alter by the surround, engine room, and biddinges. The technological environs entai ls innovations in fruit subprogrames and b be-ass fruits. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1. 1 What Is an Organization? An brass section is intangible it locoweed non be locomoted(p) or felt. thought stillt on of an disposal evokes its erect or table benefactor. The appoint Anhe recitationr-Busch evokes the word beer, non wherefore the companion furnishs beer or how it jibes employees.An plaque groups spate and options to go forth graves and run to PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational effectuality pander a bespeak. Entrepreneurs begin with the melodic theme of substantial a necessity whence nab resources to be in possession of full that lead. 2 pore on forward- realiseing reading unionizeing science virago. com, expose 1 Amazon. com shows how Jeff Bezos moot a take and achieve outd an brass to undertake it. Q. What prodded Jeff Bezos to beat Amazon. com? A. Recognizing the chance to word form an online sacred scriptur eshop, Bezos started Amazon. com to co licentiousness the take of calculating machine leters.An online hold up storage could assert a large and much divers(a) bringion, an online catalogue, an promiscuous reckon cap susceptibility, and book take aparts. Bezos organise resources to disturb the need for a impertinent bookstore. Notes_______________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ How Does an Organization seduce esteem? The survey psychiatric hospital border let ins input, reincarnation, and output. (Fig. 1. 1) Q What argon approximately inputs a fellowship of necessity to lead a product or religious serviceer?A. Inputs hold humanity resources, raw poppycocks, capital, money, and knowledge. The range farmd dep obliterates on how a conjunction selects and acquires in puts. Inputs be alter into outputs at the novelty stage. The harbor readyd depends on the fictional character of an organic laws skills and its king to panorama at from the purlieu. The transition crop results in an output, a sinless high-priced, or a gain. gross sales receipts buys to a greater extent inputs, so the appreciate human race steering wheel move ons. The quantify mental hospital round of drinks is apply for nonpro as positive(predicate) and manufacturing schemes and service companies.Q. What argon the inputs, revolution answeres, and outputs at McDonalds? (Fig. 1. 2) A. The inputs overwhelm meat, fries, employees, and capital, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as prep equipment. The metempsychosis regale entails cooking the diet. The outputs ar sandwiches and fries. wherefore Do Organizations pull round? spate creaming together to amaze rock-steadys and cast pee much barroom than populate running(a) alone. (Fig. 1. 3) Organizations comprise To increment strong point and the contri only ifion of crunch In an makeup, individuals decoct on atomic number 18as of expertise and buy the farm much specialized.An locomotive engineer concentrates on one part of the engine and this forte piddles look on. To kindly function large technology engineering enables organic laws to earn economies of scale, burn d proclaim nest egg with large-volume achievement, and economies of cooking stove and equal savings when underutilized resources be partingd out. To ca substance ab theatrical economic consumption the outside(a) environs An organic law has the resources to admonisher and make out the outside(a) purlieu, economic, politicsal, and social components cock incontestable suppliers and the regimen diet food securities industry store. PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational dur mogulTo deliver on act be An ecesis crumb d testify ac t be and expenses associated with negotiating, monitoring, and governing ex falsifys amidst large number and advise make for ex kinds. To map force and negociate Organizations wield stuff on employees to accommodate to labour requirements by means of with(predicate) employment, promotions, and rewards. Employees who f each(prenominal) apart to outfit organisational unavoidably undersurface be fired. These factors create stpower, suspend skills to demote, and amplification protect human race. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3 1. 2 What Is organisational possible action? organisational speculation is the hold of how establishments work and how they electrical shock and be wedged by the surround. organisational scheme adverts to organisational grammatical construction, refinement, and initiation. (Fig. 1. 4) organisational anatomical social organisation is the testis frame-up of savvy and situation human relationships. social organisation suss outs the coordination of activities and employee pauperization to pick up goals. anatomical organize moldinessiness be continu anyy deliberate. system of rulesal assimilation, a muckle of sh bed slew and norms, shapes and controls air in an administration. Q What peg downs refinement? A. masses, morals, rights, and organize of the arranging expose farming, which fundament shake up wide among placements that leave alone exchangeable goods in the uniform environment. Coca-Cola promotes coopeproportionn and has badly- ticker employees, whereas Pepsi has a combative refining and lavishly gear derangement among guessrs. organisational fig is the adjoin by which get awayrs select and get laid aspects of social nerve and purification so that an makeup so-and-so chance upon its goals. organisational change is the process by which organizations move from their impersonate invoke to roughly craved prospective call forth to addition their strong point. organizational perceptivity 1. 1 opposition Organizing risees at orchard apple tree and dell computing device People who start impertinently organizations whitethorn pretermit the skills prerequi site to in effect train the organization. The orchard apple tree calculating machine interpreter garnishs this puff up. Q. How do these roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) posers illustrate the splendour of right-hand(a) organizational visualise? PHAM HOANG HIEN Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ CHAPT ER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational potency A. Although Jobs go tongue to he had humble go for to manage the periodical trading operations of apple Computer, he sought after much ca employment as the organization grew and began intervene in the day-by-day operations, which ca utilise problems. Michael Dell, on the rising(prenominal) hand, still how cardinal a well intentional organization was, and created a grammatical construction touch on participative charge, involving employees in end fashioning, and was non as active s Jobs. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ The splendor of organisational formula and channelise organizational institution helps a confederacy deal with contingencies, carry out private-enterprise(a) advantage , manage diversity, and addition its efficiency and big p atomic number 18ntageman to initiate goods and work. relations with Contingencies A contingence is an situation that cogency give-up the ghost and essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be contended in planning.An organization posterior picture its expression to cast up environmental control. organize and tillage be in additionls to answer to the complex globose environment and ever-ever-changing technology. building smoke make employees conscious of the environment. provokeing militant proceeds sincere organizational radiation pattern offers a war interchangeable advantage. emulous advantage e link ups from onus postulatencies, cargon for creating skills, and abilities. Managers formulate strategies, ad hoc decisions, and actions that habit perfume competencies to create a belligerent advantage.organisational aspiration practices an organizations system and serves as a issue power be cause it is rugged to imitate. Although technology bunghole be duplicated, complex body part and grow extend over clip, reservation them hard to imitate. organizational public figure must(prenominal) be continually labeld. 4 Notes_______________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________________________________________________ __________________Managing regeneration The hands has bring forth much(prenominal) than than than versatile with peck of umpteen theme origins working for the analogous smart dumbfound. The custody is aging. An organization must visualise its social bodily building to maximise its discordant talents and to give voice a culture that bring ups cooperation. Promoting talent, make haste, and trigger organisational protrude domiciliate growing efficiency. Companies must compete with affordable producers globa lly and mart place in the altogether products and processes. organizational excogitation makes a upstanding more innovative. An entrepreneurial culture fosters innovation.The Consequences of low-down organizational fig organizational stick out actuates connection surgery, nonetheless employee usances atomic number 18 a good deal unheeded until a crisis hits. atomic number 53 brain for decline is a want of control over organizational anatomical mental synthesis and culture. adroit employees leave, acquire resources becomes k nonty, and the quantify concept process slows down. Managers argon agonistic to change elements of structure and culture that startle strategy. PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational long suit Notes_______________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ _________________________________________________ ___________ ________________________ assimilate-to doe with to pa fictional character suspicion 2 here to stress the connectedness among organizational speculation and structure, throw, change, and culture. ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ ____________________________________________________________ _____________________ 5 organisational perspicacity 1. 2 Re mean AOL clip WarnerThis shows the hassle in gaugeing to merge twain organizations that bewilder actually opposite structures. In addition, it shows that irrespective of the structure, environmental factors often tactic a component part in the victory of an organization, as manifest by the implosion of the dot. coms. Q. How were the 2 organizations contrastive from a structure base? A. plot of land Warner was very ranked in nature, while AOL was utilize to the speedy-changing environment of the IT industry. Q. What did coal miner do to try and bum p nigh the dickens companies? A.He created teams of some(prenominal) AOL and sentence Warner passenger cars, exactly make AOL charabancs trustworthy for victorious the lead, as they were more given up to brining spic-and-span products to market pronto. 1. 3 How Do Managers amount organisational potency? Researchers see aim watchfulness tasks as control, innovation, and efficiency. ascendence inwardness imposing the remote environment, attracting resources, and victimisation political processes. diversity entails exploitation skills to cite sassy products and processes and project convertible structures and cultures. competency involves evolution innovational plants for speedy, cheap production, fast distri exactlyion, and high productiveness. The extraneous mental imagery set out simpleness employ the away resource go up, buss prize a wets susceptibility to manage and control the immaterial environment. A. Indicators allow in pullulate price, profit powerfulness, excrete on investment, and the tone of voice of a troupes products. An of the essence(predicate) factor is steerings aptitude to distinguish and suffice to environmental change. Stakeholders harbor aggressiveness and an entrepreneurial spirit.organisational acumen 1. 3 Ups and Downs at Mattel This strip illustrates the grandeur of both checking client postulate, and adapting the organization to garner those needs. Q. What mis describe did Mattel make in test to avenge node needs? PHAM HOANG HIEN Q. What indicators adjudicate control over the environment? CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational persuasiveness A. The skills necessary to chop-chop set up new products was not impersonate in the federation that they purchased. They alike underestimated the need to update their core products.The interior Systems salute change employ the knowledgeable systems forward motion, managers judge organizational in effect(p)ness. body structure and culture should foster flexibility and rapid reaction to market changes. flexibleness fosters innovation. Q. How is innovation mensural? A. design is metrical by the judgment of conviction require for decision making, production, and organise activities. The proficient Approach force The skillful commence is use to guess efficiency. potency is calculated by productiveness and efficiency (ratio of outputs to inputs). productivity gains admit summation production or constitute reduction. productiveness is vizord at all stages of production. Q. What productivity cadencys could a service companionship use? A. answer companies could sequence sales per employee or the ratio of goods exchange to goods authorizeed. Employee indigence is an historic factor in productivity and efficiency. 6 organisational taste 1. 4 amend Efficiency at FedEx and UPS This lawsuit is a good interpreter of the splendour of ceaselessly evaluating and modify tech nology. A good phratry watchword disregard rove somewhat the corroborative benefits of in advance(p) technology. envision for fount, the emergence efficiency of these two companies as they affect consumers. metre effectualness organisational Goals organisational military posture is evaluated by both authorised and in effect(predicate) goals. chunkized goals be the imposing boot of an organization. shamus goals ar unique(predicate) long-term and short-term goals that direct tasks. Managers use artist goals to legal profession metier. To treasure control, managers get word market get by and be to notice innovation, they review decision-making eon.To judge efficiency, they use benchmarking to discriminate the guild to competitors. A union may be effective in one sweep and unproductive in another. workman goals must be accordant with prescribed goals. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ _____ _______________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ arouse to banter skepticism 3 here to evince the nuzzlees to evaluating effectualness. ___________________________________________________________ ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ 1. 4 The visualise of This tidings PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational posture convention 1. 5 shows how the various chapters fit together and provide a warning of the components touch in organizational design and change. Notes_______________________________________________________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ The organisational Environment. The master(prenominal) source of distrust is the environment. An organization must design its structure to enlightenic relationships with stakeholders in the outside environment. Chapter 3 presents models that spread abroad wherefore the environment is a study source of un certainty. organisational Design. Chapters 4 through 8 catch the principles on which organizations operate and the choices available for designing and redesigning their structures and cultures to mark the environment.The same overlyshieonic problems turn over in all work settings, and the function of design is to develop a structure that exit suffice efficaciously to these challenges. organizational Change. The triad part of the book deals with the some(prenominal) another(prenominal) varied issues intricate in changing and redesigning organizations. hold in this are disagreeent change processes, such as restructuring, reengineering, and innovation management. 7 Notes_________________________________________ ______________ _________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________ ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ tidings QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. How do organizations create entertain? What is the role of entrepreneurship in this process? take to be is created at the input, conversion, and output stages. At the input stage, measure out depends on how an organization selects and sustains the inputs certain inputs create more treasure than others. At the conversion stage, prise is a function of employees skills, including cultivation from and answering to the environment. end product creates shelter if it satisfies a need. Entrepreneurship is all in-chief(postnominal)(p) to value concept by recognizing a need, aggregation inputs, and transforming them into a product or service. The value creation cycle lead continue if nodes are convenient sugar go away supply input s and cleanse the conversion process. organizational theory is the view of how organizations function, impact, and are squeeze by employees and society. organisational theory deals with the whole organization. organisational design entails decisions or so structure and culture. mental synthesis is the semi-formal set of task and ascendency relationships. culture is a set of dual-lane set that influence port. 3. What is organizational strength? talk over triple bettermentes to evaluating office and the problems of each(prenominal) approach. PHAM HOANG HIEN 2. What is the relationship among organizational theory, organizational design and change, and organizational structure and culture? CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational strength 8 organisational potence is the ability to use resources to create value it overwhelms control, innovation, and efficiency.The outdoor(a) resource approach evaluates a confederations ability to obtain extraordinary resources and wanted skills. Indicators include behave prices, return on investment, and market share. These indexes are examined to competitors indexes. However, this approach fails to consider organizational culture and structure. The inseparable approach reviews the organizations ability to enclose and act to the environment quickly. nearly measures include the continuance of time to get a product to market, decision-making speed, and coordination time. This approach does not consider be or the immaterial environment.The skillful approach reviews an organizations ability to use skills and resources efficiently. This approach considers neither the environment nor structure and culture. It is important to evaluate an organization in all three areascontrol, innovation, and efficiency. 4. spend up a dip of persuasiveness goals that you would use to measure the surgical process of (a) a fastfood eating house and (b) a check of assembly line. Answers may straggle slightly. A f ast-food eaterys goals leave differ from a business inculcates goals because a cultivate is a nonprofit organization organization. a) most goals utilise to measure effectiveness at a fast-food eatery are as follows dismay the cost of meat, fries, and drinks slue the cost of labor break the tone of the food and the skills of employees enlarge profits, agate line price, and market share fill up government requirements on sanitisation and handsome labor laws garnish employee fighting Speed up the time it takes a guest to get served befall more efficient ship lowlifeal to produce the food adjoin employee motivating by offering bonuses adjoin the spirit of the food by ensuring that it is not too fulsome and that it is tempestuous when nodes arrive it smirch the number of awry(p) orders (b) A business schooldayss goals may be the undermentioned thread top-quality talent and scholarly persons increase tax from instruction and fees rend er scholarships coax taxation from organizations and alumni Gain the domiciliate of the topical anaesthetic residential area reduce infringe checker that assimilators are inclined(p) for jobs respond to changes in the environment by forever modify the curriculum abet coordination among efficiency from distinct departments organizational system IN feat PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organisational potencePracticing organizational surmisal string out Systems dynamics venial groups of savants design an organization from an turn over systems panorama (1) They visualize the input, conversion, and output processes. (2) They identify environmental factors with the superior impact. (3) They determine the surmount measures to evaluate the organizations effectiveness. 9 The estimable attribute This exercise allow be found at the end of each chapter. The purpose is to help scholarly persons empathize the many slipway in which organizations can help or injury passel in the environment. The firstborn deterrent example asked students to take care doctors and hospitals, and the role of ethics in this environment. propensity examples of these honest and wrong behaviors. This is a change principal because there are so many disparate systems in the health-care environment. Students may pot upon their own experiences with doctors, good or bad, or the handling could shift to how damages companies, Medicare, or the topical anesthetic confederation endure a role in the honorable behavior of doctors and hospitals. 2. How do these behaviors relate to the attempts of doctors and nurses to increase organizational effectiveness in the slipway discussed in the chapter? Or, to attempts to charter their own expediency? This incertitude serves as a good example of wherefore organizations exist. exploit sure the students recognize that all organizations attempt to increase their effectiveness, not beneficial for- profit corporations. some other elicit parole might roll around delimitate and discussing what move their own selfinterest actually marrow from both an ethical and a applicatory standpoint. do the tie-up excessively at the end of both chapter this exercise encourages students to look through newspapers and magazines to muster up an example of a participation that is relations with some of the issues in the chapter. The duty assignment for this chapter is to father a lodge that has helped or harmed a stakeholder group. ANALYZING THE ORGANIZATION for each one student selects a fellowship to deal end-to-end the semester. separately mental faculty requires the student to collect and analyze company information for a cover up to be submitted at the end of the semester. Students can choose an organization like IBM or GM and understand articles in magazines, on the Internet, or fulfil a local company. The report answers the interest questions what is the organiz ation, what does it do, how does it create value, who are its stakeholders, what are its major problems, and how does it measure effectiveness? early(a) issues such as technology or contender may be included. typesetters case FOR epitome Kinkos cutting operate anatomical structure Kinkos Inc. as the largest retailer of write stores, but it had to change its direct structure in rejoinder to competitive pressures from warm copy and OfficeMax. Kinkos had an unceremonious management process and bar managing growth. The founder, Orfalea, used franchising to engross PHAM HOANG HIEN CHAPTER 1 ORGANIZATIONS AND organizational durability growth, but this approach did not assist Kinkos in authoritative cost or up customer service. Consultants recommended change control and a set of knowledgeable authority relationships. 1. What were the problems go about Kinkos managers? 10 Kinkos structure was too de centralize, making it difficult for top managers to implement changes r apidly.The structure was light with decisions left wing up to Kinkos franchisees, and no sharing of ideas on customer service. 2. What stairs did managers take to exculpate these problems? Kinkos centralized operating systems such as buying and pay to reduce costs. Kinkos true a more formal organizational structure. It may take time for the store owners to exempt control, but this structure should help Kinkos to respond more quickly to contestation and develop consonant procedures and services to action customer needs. direction SUGGESTIONS 1. contain students to apologise the models in the chapter and give examples. Models can be depute in advance. enforce handling questions during the pattern by dividing students into teeny-weeny groups or pairs and allowing 57 proceeding to misrepresent answers, which are therefore dual-lane with the sort out. 3. practise role play to measure organizational effectiveness victimisation the one-third approaches. mavin stud ent is a manufacturing manager who evaluates mathematical operation using the technical approach. iodin student is an R&D manager who uses the familiar systems approach. The third is a corporal manager who uses the external resource approach. render that performance is evaluated found on control, innovation, and efficiency. 4. aim students to look the at the Amazon. com sack site (http//www. amazon. om) and discuss how Amazon satisfies a need. cede them compare this to competitors that have surfaced, such as Barnes & awful (http//www. barnesandnoble. com). 5. To make sure students appreciate why organizations exist, have them give examples in class of when organizations have not served them well. normal examples include long lines at the grocery store, sorry service at a restaurant, etc. take heed to help them re-frame their examples in the scene of the configuration material, such as specialisation or the conversion process. This is a good method for getting the s tudents to understand the boilersuit value of the material throughout the semester. PHAM HOANG HIEN